What is it? Hydroquinone is a chemical lightener used in many topical skin lightning products throughout the world to lighten skin discolorations such as age spots, freckles and melasma. Hydroquinone works by suppressing the formation of melanin, the pigment that causes a darkening of the skin.
You'll find it in: Hydroquinone is available over the counter in 2% topical solutions, such as a cream or gel, or prescribed from a doctor in a 4% solution. To use, apply hydroquinone with a cotton swab to avoid getting the product on surrounding skin and allow to dry completely before applying moisturizer or foundation. For larger spots, such as on hands or legs, massage the product into the skin to ensure even delivery, and wash hands immediately afterward to avoid lightening the palms. Take care not to get this medication on the lips, nose or mouth, as numbness may occur. For most people, hydroquinone should only be used twice a day. Most important, use only as directed, and never use more frequently or in larger amounts than recommended.
Our product picks: For a highly efficient formula that fades discoloration and battles age spots, try a lightweight product such as Murad Age Spot & Pigment Lightening Gel. To double your benefit, and battle fine lines and wrinkles while fading spots, reach for
NeoStrata Brightening Cream SPF 15, which combines hydroquinone with beneficial ingredients like lactobionic acid and gluconolactone to smooth fine lines and wrinkles.
Who should avoid it: Because hydroquinone can be harsh and drying, don't use it on sunburned, dry or otherwise irritated skin and never use on an open wound. Hydroquinone is a strong medication, and shouldn't be combined with irritating skin products like harsh soaps, shampoos or other cleansers, or chemicals like hair coloring or depilatories. Also, while using hydroquinone, avoid using other medicated topical products, particularly those that contain peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. Check with your doctor to learn about possible side effects that can occur with other medicated skincare products.
Although it isn't known for sure if hydroquinone causes fetal harm in pregnant women or if it's excreted in breast milk, pregnant and nursing women should avoid hydroquinone to be on the safe side.
People with liver disease or kidney disease should consult with a doctor before using hydroquinone, as the dose may need to be adjusted for safety concerns.
What to expect: Typically, results can be seen in about four weeks. Once the desired effect is achieved, the treatment may be used less frequently to maintain results.
Particularly for those with sensitive skin, test the product on a small patch of skin before applying to large areas. If no adverse reactions are seen within 24 hours, continue treatment. Mild side effects such as itching, stinging or slight redness are usually temporary. More serious side effects include: burning, itching, crusting or swelling, and unusual skin discoloration. Stop using the product immediately and see a doctor if any of these reactions are noticed.
Sun sensitivity is guaranteed when using hydroquinone and sunscreen must be worn on a daily basis. Also, avoid all excess sun exposure, such as sun bathing or tanning beds. Skin might also become more sensitive to certain weather conditions, such as extreme cold. If this occurs, apply a moisturizer to the irritated area after letting the hydroquinone absorb completely into the skin.